“July is Juvenile Arthritis Awareness Month, and believe it or not, nearly 300,000 children have been diagnosed with some form of arthritis. Arthritis doesn’t affect just older people, but also affects children as little as six months old! Juvenile arthritis comes in a variety of forms with varying life spans and symptoms.”

Bone and Joint Center

Rett syndrome is a rare non-inherited genetic postnatal neurological disorder that occurs almost exclusively in girls and leads to severe impairments, affecting nearly every aspect of the child’s life: their ability to speak, walk, eat, and even breathe easily. The hallmark of Rett syndrome is near constant repetitive hand movements while awake. Cognitive assessment in children with Rett syndrome is complicated, but we know that they understand far more than they can communicate to us, evidenced by their bright and attentive eyes, and their ability to express a wide spectrum of moods and emotions.

In 1954, Dr. Andreas Rett, a pediatrician in Vienna, Austria, first noticed two girls as they sat in his waiting room making the same repetitive hand-washing motions.  Brett syndrome is a unique postnatal neurological disorder that is first recognized in infancy and seen almost always in girls, but can be rarely seen in boys.

This neurological disorder is where there is a mutation in a single gene, the MECP2 gene.

The MECP2 gene provides instructions for making a protein called MeCP2. This protein helps regulate gene activity (expression) by modifying chromatin, the complex of DNA and protein that packages DNA into chromosomes. The function of DNA is the blueprint of biological guidelines that a living organism must follow to exist and remain functional. Medium of long-term, stable storage and transmission of genetic information.The MeCP2 protein is present in cells throughout the body, although it is particularly abundant in brain cells.

In the brain, the MeCP2 protein is important for the function of several types of cells, including nerve cells (neurons). The protein likely plays a role in maintaining connections (synapses) between neurons, where cell-to-cell communication occurs.

Many of the genes that are known to be regulated by the MeCP2 protein play a role in normal brain function, particularly the maintenance of synapses BUT the MeCP has a permanent alteration in it so if effects the DNA and there won’t be normal function.

 Affecting only children because this happens during fetal development when are DNA/RNA and genes are made up.  This won’t happen in adulthood, your RNA, DNA and genes won’t change at that age. 

It mostly affects girls rather than boys because the affected gene is located within the X chromosome. Chromosomes contain the set of instructions to create an organism. Men have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome, the latter being responsible for the characteristics that make men male, including the male sexual organs and the ability to produce sperm. In contrast, women have two copies of the X chromosome= XX. But, because the X chromosome carries a bigger instruction manual than the Y chromosome, biology’s solution is to largely inactivate one X chromosome in females, giving one functional copy of the X in both men and women.

Rett Syndrome is genetically based and is a very rare condition, but there is no known cure. This is a life-long condition. You can’t repair mutated genes or someone’s DNA/RNA.

Symptoms can be managed, and early detection is the key to making it easier on both the child affected and their families, but the patient will need constant care for the rest of their lives.

Often akin to the symptoms of severe autism, it is important to differentiate between the two diseases to get a correct diagnosis.

“Helen’s ability to empathize with the individual citizen in need as well as her ability to work with world leaders to shape global policy on vision loss made her a supremely effective ambassador for disabled persons worldwide. Her active participation in this area began as early as 1915, when the Permanent Blind War Relief Fund, later called the American Braille Press, was founded. She was a member of its first board of directors.”

American Foundation for the Blind – AFB

“At the age of 19 months, Helen became deaf and blind as a result of an unknown illness, perhaps rubella or scarlet fever.  With the help of Anne Sullivan (her teacher) she made Helen learn to read & talk.  She made the signals have meaning in Helen’s mind.   Helen made it to a BSN, just as much her’s as Anne Sullivan’s. Helen’s ideals found their purest, most lasting expression in her work for the American Foundation for the Blind (AFB). Helen joined AFB in 1924 and worked for the organization for over 40 years. The foundation provided her with a global platform to advocate for the needs of people with vision loss and she wasted no opportunity. She met with world leaders such as Winston Churchill, Jawaharlal Nehru, and Golda Meir. In 1948, she was sent to Japan as America’s first Goodwill Ambassador by General Douglas MacArthur. Her visit was a huge success; up to two million Japanese came out to see her and her appearance drew considerable attention to the plight of Japan’s blind and disabled population. Wherever she traveled, she brought encouragement to millions of blind people, and many of the efforts to improve conditions for those with vision loss outside the United States can be traced directly to her visits.”

American Foundation for the Blind – AFB

“When significant memory loss occurs among older people, it is generally not due to aging but to organic disorders, brain injury, or neurological illness.  Studies have shown that you can help prevent cognitive decline and reduce the risk of dementia with some basic good health habits:  staying physically active, getting enough sleep, no smoking, having good social connections, limiting alcohol to no more than one drink a day, eating a Mediterranean style diet.”

Harvard Health Publishing/Harvard Medical School