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HAPPY COLUMBUS DAY!

“October, Americans mark Columbus Day, a federal holiday commemorating the explorer who “sailed the ocean blue” in 1492. Columbus Day is a federal U.S. holiday commemorating the voyage and landing of Italian explorer Christopher Columbus in the “New World” on October 12, 1492. The anniversary of his landing in what would eventually be known as the Americas was first formally celebrated 300 years later, in 1792, by the Columbian Order (Society of St. Tammany) in New York City.

During Christopher Columbus’s time, scholars already understood that the world was round, a fact established by the ancient Greeks. People assumed a ship traveling west from Europe would sail through to Asia. However, many believed that such a westward journey was impossible. Columbus, an Italian, was convinced otherwise and persuaded King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain to sponsor his exploration and search for riches.

During Christopher Columbus’s time, scholars already understood that the world was round, a fact established by the ancient Greeks. People assumed a ship traveling west from Europe would sail through to Asia. However, many believed that such a westward journey was impossible. Columbus, an Italian, was convinced otherwise and persuaded King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain to sponsor his exploration and search for riches.

On October 12, 1492, Columbus landed on a small island in the Bahamas (now known as San Salvador, previously Watling’s Island), convinced that he had reached his destination of Asia. Although he was not the first European to come across the Americas (Vikings, among others, had visited before), his journey sparked enthusiasm for European exploration of the hemisphere. It kicked off a significant connection between the Old World and the New World.

In 1937, President Franklin D. Roosevelt declared the occasion a national holiday. Columbus Day has been observed on the second Monday of October since 1971.”

ALMANAC (Columbus Day 2025: History and Controversy | The Old Farmer’s Almanac)

 

QUOTE FOR THE WEEKEND:

“October is Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Awareness Month. A safe sleep environment can help reduce the risk of SIDS and other sleep-related causes of infant death, like suffocation. To help raise awareness about safe infant sleep, the Safe to Sleep® campaign developed the SIDS Awareness Month Toolkit, which offers guidance and resources for organizations to plan their SIDS Awareness Month activities, including:

  • Sample social media posts, emails, and language to handle unsafe sleep images
  • A before-you-post checklist, including guidance to caregivers for taking their #SafeSleepSnap photos
  • Weekly themes
  • Graphics and photos
  • Flyers with and without placeholders for logos

The Safe to Sleep® campaign provides a number of other resources (many of which can be ordered for free) to help with education and outreach efforts, including:

  • An Interactive Safe Sleep Environment Tool caregivers can explore to help them learn how to create a safe sleep environment for baby in the home.
  • Videos, such as Safe Sleep for Your Baby, grandparent videos, and Breastfeed Your Baby to Reduce the Risk of SIDS (with an accompanying handout that helps explain the information in the video).
  • Fact sheets, such as What Does a Safe Sleep Environment Look Like? and other downloadable materials for caregivers, including handouts, brochures, and door hangers.
  • The Healthy Native Babies Project toolkit and guides, which includes videos, handouts, and training for the American Indian/Alaska Native communities.

The American Academy of Pediatrics also provides information on infant sleep and recommendations for caregivers, including How to Keep Your Sleeping Baby Safe, a checklist of items for making a baby’s room safe, why “back is best” for an infant’s sleep position, and more.”

USDA WIC Work Resource System / US department of agriculture (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Awareness Month | WIC Works Resource System)

SIDS AWARENESS MONTH

 

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

This condition is the unexplained death, usually during sleep, of a seemingly healthy baby less than a year old. SIDS is sometimes known as crib death because the infants often die in their cribs.

Although the cause is unknown, it appears that SIDS might be associated with defects in the portion of an infant’s brain that controls breathing and arousal from sleep.

Researchers have discovered some factors that might put babies at extra risk. They’ve also identified measures you can take to help protect your child from SIDS. Perhaps the most important is placing your baby on his or her back to sleep.

Causes

A combination of physical and sleep environmental factors can make an infant more vulnerable to SIDS. These factors vary from child to child.

Physical factors

Physical factors associated with SIDS include:

  • Brain defects. Some infants are born with problems that make them more likely to die of SIDS. In many of these babies, the portion of the brain that controls breathing and arousal from sleep hasn’t matured enough to work properly.
  • Low birth weight. Premature birth or being part of a multiple birth increases the likelihood that a baby’s brain hasn’t matured completely, so he or she has less control over such automatic processes as breathing and heart rate.
  • Respiratory infection. Many infants who died of SIDS had recently had a cold, which might contribute to breathing problems.

Sleep environmental factors

The items in a baby’s crib and his or her sleeping position can combine with a baby’s physical problems to increase the risk of SIDS. Examples include:

  • Sleeping on the stomach or side. Babies placed in these positions to sleep might have more difficulty breathing than those placed on their backs.
  • Sleeping on a soft surface. Lying face down on a fluffy comforter, a soft mattress or a waterbed can block an infant’s airway.
  • Sharing a bed. While the risk of SIDS is lowered if an infant sleeps in the same room as his or her parents, the risk increases if the baby sleeps in the same bed with parents, siblings or pets.
  • Overheating. Being too warm while sleeping can increase a baby’s risk of SIDS.

Risk factors

Although sudden infant death syndrome can strike any infant, researchers have identified several factors that might increase a baby’s risk. They include:

  • Sex. Boys are slightly more likely to die of SIDS.
  • Age. Infants are most vulnerable between the second and fourth months of life.
  • Race. For reasons that aren’t well-understood, nonwhite infants are more likely to develop SIDS.
  • Family history. Babies who’ve had siblings or cousins die of SIDS are at higher risk of SIDS.
  • Secondhand smoke. Babies who live with smokers have a higher risk of SIDS.
  • Being premature. Both being born early and having a low birth weight increase your baby’s chances of SIDS.

Maternal risk factors

During pregnancy, the mother also affects her baby’s risk of SIDS, especially if she:

  • Is younger than 20
  • Smokes cigarettes
  • Uses drugs or alcohol
  • Has inadequate prenatal care

QUOTE FOR FRIDAY:

“Healthy people differ significantly in their overall personality, mood, and behavior. Each person also varies from day to day, depending on the circumstances. However, a sudden, major change in personality and/or behavior, particularly one that is not related to an obvious event (such as taking a medication or losing a loved one), raises concern for a mental health issue.

Sudden changes in personality and behavior can be roughly categorized as involving one of the following types of symptoms:

  • Confusion or delirium

  • Delusions

  • Disorganized speech or behavior

  • Hallucinations

  • Mood extremes (such as depression or mania)

These categories are not specific mental illnesses. They are just one way doctors organize different types of abnormal thought, speech, and behavior. These changes in personality and behavior can be caused by general medical conditions or mental health issues.”

MERCK MANUAL (Personality and Behavior Changes – Mental Health Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version)

World Mental Health Day! When sudden changes occur in mood &/or personality of a person there might be a health problem!

sudden, major change in personality and/or behavior can indicate serious underlying issue, often related to mental health or some medical conditions. 

Healthy people differ significantly in their overall personality, mood, and behavior. Each person also varies from day to day, depending on the circumstances. However, a sudden, major change in personality and/or behavior, particularly one that is not related to an obvious event (such as taking a drug or losing a loved one), often indicates a problem.

If someone changes in mental status from awake, alert, oriented to who they are, where they are and the time of day with overall mood in that person’s behavior it doesn’t always mean it is a mental condition like dementia.  It could be as simple as low blood sugar or hypothyroidism or a more serious condition.

Other things it could be is:

-Confusion and delirium refer to a disturbance of consciousness. That is, people are less aware of their environment and, depending on the cause, may be excessively agitated and belligerent or drowsy and sluggish. Some people alternate between being less alert and being overly alert. Their thinking appears cloudy and slow or inappropriate. They have trouble focusing on simple questions and are slow to respond. Speech may be slurred. Often, people do not know what day it is, and they may not be able to say where they are. Some cannot give their name.

-Delusions are fixed false beliefs that people hold despite evidence to the contrary. Some delusions are based on a misinterpretation of actual perceptions and experiences. For example, people may feel persecuted, thinking that a person behind them on the street is following them or that an ordinary accident is purposeful sabotage. Other people think that song lyrics or newspaper articles contain messages that refer specifically to them.

Some beliefs seem more plausible and can be difficult to identify as delusions because they could occur or have occurred in real life. For example, people occasionally are followed by government investigators or have their work sabotaged by coworkers. In such cases, a belief can be identified as a delusion by how strongly people hold the belief despite evidence to the contrary.

Other delusions are easier to identify. For example, in religious or grandiose delusions, people may believe they are Jesus or the president of the country. Some delusions are quite bizarre. For example, people may think that their organs have all been replaced by machine parts or that their head contains a radio that receives messages from the government.

-Disorganized speech refers to speech that does not contain the expected logical connections between thoughts or between questions and answers. For example, people may jump from one topic to another without ever finishing a thought. The topics may be slightly related or entirely unrelated. In other cases, people respond to simple questions with long, rambling answers, full of irrelevant detail. Answers may be illogical or completely incoherent. This type of speech differs from the difficulty expressing or understanding language (aphasia) or forming words (dysarthria) that is caused by a brain disorder such as stroke.

Occasionally misspeaking or intentionally being evasive, rude, or humorous is not considered disorganized speech.

-Disorganized behavior refers to doing quite unusual things (such as undressing or masturbating in public or shouting and swearing for no apparent reason) or to being unable to behave normally. People with disorganized behavior typically have trouble doing normal daily activities (such as maintaining good personal hygiene or obtaining food).

-Drugs may affect personality or behavior when they cause Intoxication: Particularly alcohol (when consumed in large amounts), amphetamines, cocaine, hallucinogens (such as LSD), phencyclidine (PCP), any narcotic. Side effects: From drugs intended to affect brain function.

These disorders can affect personality, mood, and behavior. They include

1. Alzheimer’s disease, is the most common form of dementia characterized by progressive memory loss, cognitive decline, and behavioral changes that primarily are affecting older adults.

2. Brain infections, such as meningitis, encephalitis, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection that involves the brain (called HIV-associated encephalopathy)

3.Brain Tumors, they are a growth of cells in the brain or near it. Brain tumors can happen in the brain tissue. Brain tumors also can happen near the brain tissue. Nearby locations include nerves, the pituitary gland, the pineal gland, and the membranes that cover the surface of the brain.

Brain tumors can begin in the brain. These are called primary brain tumors. Sometimes, cancer spreads to the brain from other parts of the body. These tumors are secondary brain tumors, also called metastatic brain tumors.  They can be cancerous or benign.

Many different types of primary brain tumors exist.

4.Head Injuries, such as a concussion and post-concussion syndrome

5-Multiple Sclerosis, which is a disease that causes breakdown of the protective covering of nerves. Multiple sclerosis can cause numbness, weakness, trouble walking, vision changes and other symptoms. It’s also known as MS.

6-Parkinson disease, which is a movement disorder of the nervous system that worsens over time. The nervous system is a network of nerve cells that controls many parts of the body, including movement.

7-Seizure disorders, this disease covers a range of conditions characterized by abnormal electrical activity in the brain causing seizures to occur.

8-Stroke, which is a medical emergency that happens when something prevents your brain from getting enough blood flow. A blocked blood vessel or bleeding in your brain can cause stroke to occur.  Strokes are the second leading cause of death worldwide and the fifth most common in the U.S.

If could be other than these diagnoses but the only way to find out is go to the ER stat with a mental change disorder!

QUOTE FOR THURSDAY:

“Your liver performs more than 500 important functions, from filtering blood and processing nutrients to fighting infections. It creates bile and important proteins your body needs. You can’t live without a liver: If your liver fails, you’ll need an organ transplant to survive.

Your liver is the largest internal organ in your body and one of the only organs that can regenerate itself. The liver plays a crucial role in filtering blood, storing energy and producing bile for digestion.

Unfortunately, hundreds of diseases and conditions can damage your liver so it can’t work. Some of these can be life-threatening. Hepatologists, medical specialists who diagnose and treat liver disease, can treat and sometimes cure these diseases. And there are many things that you can do to keep your liver well and working as it should.

Your liver’s biggest job is filtering harmful substances and waste from your blood. Every day, your liver filters more than 250 gallons of blood. If that wasn’t enough, and among many other duties, your liver also:

  • Makes cholesterol that your body uses in different ways
  • Helps produce certain hormones, protects your cells and is a key ingredient in bile production
  • Makes proteins — like clotting factors that manage bleeding and albumin, which manages fluid pressure in your bloodstream
  • Helps keep your blood glucose levels steady by storing glycogen (glucose) and releasing it into your bloodstream to keep your blood sugar levels on an even keel
  • Breaks down toxins and germs so they safely leave your body in your pee and poop
  • Works by breaking down fats in your blood to produce energy, and if there are too many, they may get stored as extra fat.”

Cleveland Clinic (Liver: Where It’s Located, Function & Anatomy)

Understanding the Liver’s Function with the impact of liver diseases to this organ!

Liver Disease 2healthy liver 2  healthy liver

Liver disease is also referred to Hepatic Disease. Liver Disease is a term that is used when there is any disturbance of the liver function that causes illness. It is a broad term to describe when more than 75% or three quarters of liver tissue needed is affected and decreased function in the liver occurs. The number one cause of liver disease is alcohol abuse in North America. They can cause liver inflammation, referred to as alcoholic hepatitis. Other causes include Cirrhosis, Cholestasis, Steatosis, Hepatitis, Viruses, Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver, Hemachromatosis, Wilson’s Disease and Gilbert’s Disease.

Causes: Cirrhosis

Cirrhosis is when the liver cells are replaced by permanent scar tissue as a result of chronic liver disease. It is considered the late-stage of liver disease. Cirrhosis is common among chronic alcohol abuse users where the fat accumulation occurs in the liver cells and causes scar tissue. Cholestasis is when the bile flow is obstructed from the gallbladder or duodenum. Steatosis is the term used when cholesterol and triglycerides accumulate in the liver.

Causes: Hepatitis

Hepatitis is a term used to describe the inflammation on liver cells. They can become inflamed due to infection.

There are many forms of Hepatitis:

Hepatitis A (Hep A) is a viral infection primarily spread through the fecal-oral route when small amounts of infected fecal matter are ingested. An acute inflammation of the liver occurs but there is a way to prevent this type of infection. There is a vaccine available and the best way to help prevent it is by a good hand washing.

Hepatitis B (Hep B) is spread by exposure to body fluids and can cause an acute infection. If left untreated, it can progress into a chronic inflammation and on into cirrhosis. There is also a vaccine for this form of hepatitis. Typically, the vaccine contains both Hep A and B in a combination series of doses.

Hepatitis C (Hep C) is caused by a virus different from Hep A or Hep B. It can either be “acute” or “chronic” and is primarily spread through contact with the blood of an infected person. The most common way is by sharing needles or other equipment to inject drugs. Before 1992, Hepatitis C was also commonly spread through blood transfusions and organ transplants which led to the start of a widespread screening of blood supplies. Another way it can be transmitted is through being born to a mother who has it. There are less common ways to contract Hepatitis C, and that’s through sharing personal care items that may have come into contact with another person’s blood (razors, toothbrushes), or having unprotected sex with a infected person. Some people are at an increased risk for Hepatitis C. Those individuals include: Children born to mothers infected with this Hep C; current injection drug users (most common way Hepatitis C is spread in the US), past injection drug users, recipients of donated blood (blood products and organs), hemodialysis patients who spent many years on dialysis for kidney failure, people who received body piercings or tattoos done with non-sterile instruments, & people with known exposure to Hepatitis C like Health care workers or recipients of blood or organs from a donor who tested positive.

Hepatitis D (Hep D) is known as “delta hepatitis” can also be “acute” or “chronic” but is uncommon in the United States. It requires the Hepatitis B virus to survive. It is transmitted through sexual contact with infected blood or blood products. There is also no vaccine available for this virus. Hepatitis E (Hep E) is caused by Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) virus. It is transmitted mainly through the fecal-oral route due to fecal contaminated drinking water.

Causes: NAFLD

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the build up of extra fat in liver cells that is not caused by alcohol. It is normal for the liver to contain some fat. liver’s weight is fat, then it NAFLD tends to develop in people who are overweight or obese or have diabetes, high cholesterol or high triglycerides. Rapid weight loss and poor eating habits also may lead to NAFLD. However, some people develop NAFLD even if they do not have any risk factors. NAFLD affects up to 25% of people in the United States. However, if more than 5% up to 10% of the liver’s weight is fat then the liver is called a fatty liver called steatosis.  Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver (NAFL) describes the accumulation of fat within the liver that can cause an inflammation and a gradual decrease in function.

 Those at risk for NAFLD? NAFLD tends to develop in people who are overweight or obese or have diabetes, high cholesterol or high triglycerides. Rapid weight loss and poor eating habits also may lead to NAFLD. However, some people develop NAFLD even if they do not have any risk factors. NAFLD affects up to 25% of people in the United States.

RISKS NAFLD may cause the liver to swell (steatohepatitis). A swollen liver may cause scarring (cirrhosis) over time and may even lead to liver cancer or liver failure.

SYMPTOMS NAFLD often has no symptoms. When symptoms occur, they may include fatigue, weakness, weight loss, loss of appetite, nausea, abdominal pain, spider-like blood vessels, yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice), itching, fluid build up and swelling of the legs (edema) and abdomen (ascites), and mental confusion.

DIAGNOSIS NAFLD is initially suspected if blood tests show high levels of liver enzymes. However, other liver diseases are first ruled out through additional tests. Often, an ultrasound is used to confirm the NAFLD diagnosis.

QUOTE FOR WEDNESDAY:

“The liver is an organ that sits just under the rib cage on the right side of the abdomen. It can weigh up to 4 pounds (1.8 kilograms). The liver is needed to help digest food, rid the body of waste products and make substances, called clotting factors, that keep the blood flowing well, among other tasks.

Liver disease can be passed through families, called inherited. Anything that damages the liver also can cause liver problems, including viruses, alcohol use and obesity.

Over time, conditions that damage the liver can lead to scarring, called cirrhosis. Cirrhosis can lead to liver failure, a life-threatening condition. But early treatment may give the liver time to heal.”

MAYO CLINIC (Liver problems – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic)

Why the liver is so vital to our human body!

healthy liver

The liver is like our transmission to the human body—it cleans out end products of what enters our body keeping the essentials we need inside. This is what this organ does for us:

Your liver is your very own chemical processing plant. It receives 30% of the blood circulating in your system every minute – performing chemical reactions to remove harmful toxins and distribute and store essential nutrients. This vital process is called ‘metabolism’ and cells in the liver, known as hepatocytes, are put to work to keep your body working at its best. Essentially, your liver loves and cares for you.

Once carbs have been broken down into glucose in your gastrointestinal tract, the glucose enters the blood stream and is taken straight to your liver to regulate and maintain healthy levels. Your liver also stores excess glucose in the form of glycogen (inactive glucose) and the liver will fill up with this glycogenl (like a gas tank). When the tank of the liver gets full the excess of the sugar floating in your bloodstream is used by our tissues that need it right than.  The sugar that couldn’t go in the liver is extra glucose that now needs a place to store (if the liver is full) than it gets dumped in our fat tissue next. This is how we get obese. This is the logic of eating small meals not 3 large meals a day. The small meals are utilized mostly where there is no extra floating glucose that needs to be stored anywhere like in our case the fatty tissue. The average American doesn’t realize this with knowing that glycogen (inactive glucose) when needed by our body is ready for converting back into glucose when levels drop between meals which usually occurs during exercise or when you’re fasting; which most of us in America don’t do by overall population. For our liver to do these processes of breakdown of our foods (including medications), to convert active glucose to inactive glucose (glycogen), store glycogen in the liver and to do much more the liver has to be working meaning healthy.

And here’s the really clever thing. Your liver can also convert non-sugars, such as amino acids, into glucose to keep levels healthy. It does some pretty impressive things with fats too.

Every time you eat either through food or protein fluid drinks in place of your food, your liver feeds you. Once food is digested, nutrients enters the blood from the stomach after digestion in that organ takes place including the small intestines, which are taken straight to your liver for processing. Depending on how low or plentiful these nutrients are in your body, the liver cells will either release the goodness of these processed broken down nutrient end products to where it’s needed (regarding our tissues of the body) or store they will be stored away for when your body tissues needs a boost later.

And here’s the really clever thing. Your liver can also convert non-sugars, such as amino acids, into glucose to keep levels healthy. It does some pretty impressive things with fats too.

Your liver is your fat processing factory – it breaks down fat and compounds such as lipoproteins, cholesterol and phospholipids. If fat is in excess, the liver combines fatty acids and glycerol to form a storage molecule and transports it to your body’s storage depots, such as the subcutaneous tissue (tissue just under the skin). Then, at times when energy levels are low, between meals and during exercise, this stored fat is converted back into glycerol and the liver turns the remaining fatty acids into an alternative energy supply. To aid absorption of fat and fat-soluble vitamins and flush out unwanted substances from your body, your liver produces bile. It stores the bile in your gall bladder, where it can be emptied into your intestines when needed.

Proteins are also vital for a healthy body, and your liver takes charge of these too. Once proteins are broken down into amino acids in your intestines, they enter the blood stream and flow direct to the liver. Here, the liver cells (hepatocytes) go to work on removing nitrogen from the proteins which rapidly changes into ammonia – a highly toxic substance. Your liver then acts fast to convert this into urea to be excreted into the urine and eliminated from your body. With excess amino acids, your liver converts them into fat for storage or, if your body needs an energy boost, it will use them to create glucose.

Ending line the liver breaks down our Calories & CHOs, Fats, and Proteins that enter our body.

Our liver watches out for us. When harmful toxins and substances enter your blood stream, your liver acts fast to detoxify and destroy them. Some may simply be a by-product of a normal metabolism, others may be ingested or inhaled substances such as drugs and alcohol. Filtering the blood, your liver removes dead cells and invading bacteria, processes nitrogen and cholesterol and neutralises harmful hormones.

The problem comes when the body liver can’t do this function anymore, meaning it can’t break down or do the processing of out nutrients we eat causing toxins to build up in our body. Soon this break down of the liver with no reversal or without treatment will go into liver failure. Liver failure can put a big hold up in your life but if you can reverse it your smart since you addressed the problem in getting cared for by a doctor. You can even be better than this in being healthy to your body which is you taking PREVENTION in allowing yourself never to deal with this headache.

Liver failure or hepatic insufficiency is the inability of the liver to perform its normal synthetic and metabolic function as part of normal physiology. Two forms are recognized, acute and chronic.

Acute liver failure defined as “the rapid development of hepatocellular dysfunction, specifically coagulopathy and mental status changes (encephalopathy) in a patient without known prior liver disease.”.

Chronic liver failure usually occurs in the context of cirrhosis, itself potentially the result of many possible causes, such as excessive alcohol intake, hepatitis B or C, autoimmune, hereditary and metabolic causes (such as iron or copper overload, Steatohepatitis or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease).

CHRONIC can be prevented. How important is your health?

QUOTE FOR TUESDAY:

“Dialysis is a procedure that can help patients with end stage renal disease to increase quantity and quality of life. However, there are several inherent risks associated with dialysis, which are more profound in patients at risk of complications, such as the elderly or those with other concurrent health conditions.

Typically, the kidneys are responsible for the removal of surplus fluid and for turning excess products into urine, which is then excreted. However, in those with impairments in kidney function, dialysis is often required. Dialysis is a medical procedure that assists in the functions usually carried out by the kidneys in those with poorly functioning kidneys, such as people with renal disease.

Without dialysis, those with kidney issues may experience a toxic build-up of fluid and waste bi-products that can have serious health implications, including death.  Therefore, dialysis enables such individuals to have an improved quality of life.”

News Medical Life Sciences (Benefits and Disadvantages of Dialysis)