“About half of all men and one-third of all women in the US will develop cancer during their lifetimes. Today, millions of people are living with cancer or have had cancer.”

American Cancer Society

Differences between tumors are as follows:

Benign Tumors ones are the following:

Encapsulating (the big answer to resolution of a tumor like this is this a tumor that is surgical to remove or can radiation or chemo decrease the size of it to nothing).

Non metastasizing-meaning it hasn’t spread anywhere.

Well – Differentiated-meaning easy to detect.

Slow – growing (just what is says)

Malignant Tumors ones are the following:

Invasive,Metastasizing,FrequentlyUndifferentiated,OftenRapidGrowing.

Know that carcinogenesis is the process of inducing a malignant tumor in an animal or human. Much of the research in carcinogenesis resolves around deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the influence of carcinogens on DNA, and the genes that are involved in differentiation (of this growth vs normal tissue of the body) and control of cancerous cell growth.

There is viral and chemical carcinogenesis. Both RNA and DNA viruses have been identified as causing natural and experimental tumors. Research has shown herpes viruses are DNA viruses. For almost every herpes group there is some experimental or epidemiological evidence linking it to human malignancy. Example Epstein-Barr viruse has been associated with Burkitt’s Lymphoma in West African children and nasopharyngeal cancer among Asian populations. Herpes simplex virus-1 has been linked to oral cancer and herpes simplex virus-2 to cervical cancer. All herpes viruses share a characteristic ability to remain latent within the body over long periods. Although they may be found throughout the body, CMV (cytomegaloviruse) infections are frequently associated with the salivary glands in humans and other mammals. Other CMV viruses are found in several mammal species, but species isolated from animals differ from HCMV in terms of genomic structure, and have not been reported to cause human disease.

The RNA viruses, also called oncoviruses or retroviruses induce leukemia, lymphoma, and mammary tumors in animals. To complete their natural cycle, these viruses must manufacture a viral DNA that is then integrated into the host cell DNA. To do this they produce an enzyme and the enzyme is able to use RNA as a template to produce DNA. Since these viruses can remain latent in a cell for long periods of time, it is only by identifying the enzyme or the viral DNA that scientists are able to detect cells infected with these viruses. This enzyme has been identified in some human leukemia and lymphoma cells.

In addition, approximately 20 oncogenes have been identified with these RNA viruses and some of these oncogenes have also been detected in human bladder cancer cells, Burkitt’s lymphoma, and promyelocytic leukemia.

There is also radiation carginogenesis. There is external radiation; take Leukemia which was the first cancer related to radiation exposure that was seen in the atomic bomb survivors. Within 6-8 years after the bomb, the incidence rates of leukemia increased to levels well above those seen in the Japanese population who were not exposed. The peak was highest from 1950 to 1952, at which time the incidence was 116:100,000, as compared with 3-4:100,000 to the unexposed population.

Internal Emitters – One of the most famous classics is that of the luminescent instrument – dial painters. The paint was used to create luminescent faces on watches and clocks containing radium. While painting, the workers licked the brushes and thus ingested the radium. Radium, when ingested is deposited in bone and tends to remain there.) Among this group, bone cancer or osteogenic sarcoma, a rare tumor, became prevalent. With this type of knowledge it led to limitations on surface testing of atomic weapons. Atomic weapons contain radioactive compounds that can become deposited in the bone.

Ultraviolet radiation or the Sunlight – One of the most obiquitous forms of radiation that every person is exposed to is the sunlight. Ultraviolet rays do not penetrate deeply. Most statistics on cancer do not include skin cancer due to it being treatable (the easiest cancer to treat on average). Another more dangerous type of cancer is melanoma that has been linked to sunlight exposure.

Tumor classification shows because the study of tissues originates with the study of their development in the embryo, the class of the tumor is often based on the tissues from which the tumor is derived.

Grading the cancer, besides classifying the tumor according to the tissue origin the pathologist will classify it looking at other characteris- tics. This aspect is Grading the cancer from level 1 or 2 or 3 or 4. If cells of classification in the tumor look like the mature cells of the tissue than the tumor is well differentiated=Grade 1. This type of tumor generally has a better prognosis compared to a tumor that is poorly differentiated or does not resemble the tissue from which it originated. Sometimes a poorly differentiated tumor is called anaplastic. An anaplastic tumor would have the highest grade of 4. Remember even though tow tumors might be similarly classified and have identical grades, in two different individuals the tumors might act differently. Because each patient is unique, has a different history, different immune responses, and different reserves, similar tumors might act very differently.

DIAGNOSIS

A definitive diagnosis of cancer can only be made after an examination of tissue obtained from a surgical procedure or biopsy. Biopsies can be excisional, meaning the whole lesion is removed, or incisional in which only part of the presumptive tumor is removed. Specimens can also be obtained from a needle biopsy. In this a core of tissue is drawn up in a needle. Cytological examination of exfoliated cells, as done in a pap smear, can lead to a presumptive diagnosis of cancer but often a surgical biopsy will be performed to confirm the diagnosis. Often the patient undergoes many other diagnostic tooling procedures besides the biopsy in the attempt to determine the nature and extent of the illness=from blood tests, diagnostic x-ray studies, and endoscopic procedures. These tests with the biopsy done are used to evaluate the extent of the disease in the patient. This process of determining the extent of tumor in an individual is called staging.

Treatment

Cancer treatment can be surgery, chemo or radiation or even all 3.

“About half of all men and one-third of all women in the US will develop cancer during their lifetimes. Today, millions of people are living with cancer or have had cancer.

The risk of developing many types of cancer can be reduced by changes in a person’s lifestyle, for example, by staying away from tobacco, limiting time in the sun, being physically active, and eating healthy.”

AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY

Cancer can be a simple disease or a monster to the body and let us first start reviewing the basics of cancer to understand this sentence.

The body is made up of trillions of living cells.  Normal body cells grow, divide to make new cells, and die in an orderly fashion.  During the early years of a person’s life, normal cells divide faster to allow the person to grow.               After the person becomes an adult, most cells divide only to replace worn-out or dying cells or to repair injuries. 

The pathophysiological responses of a patient with cancer are frequently determined by the size and extent of the tumor and by the presence or absence of metastases.

Cancer starts when cells in a part of the body start to grow out of control. Cancer cell growth is different from normal cell growth. Instead of dying, cancer cells continue to grow and form new, abnormal cells. Cancer cells can also invade (grow into) other tissues, something that normal cells cannot do. Growing out of control and invading other tissues are what makes a cell a cancer cell. Cells become cancer cells because of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) damage.

DNA is in every cell and it directs all its actions. In a normal cell, when DNA is damaged the cell either repairs the damage or the cell dies. In cancer cells, the damaged DNA is not repaired, but the cell doesn’t die like it should. Instead, the cell goes on making new cells that the body doesn’t need. These new cells all have the same damaged DNA as the first abnormal cell does=cancer cells.

The normal cells of a human body=Our red blood cells (our iron and cells that provide nutrition to our tissues by feeding oxygen to all our tissues),             white blood cells (fight infection off our body-part of immunity system), and platelets (controls our clotting of the blood) all are taken over by the cancer cells especially if the cancer is primarily in the bone or metastasized to the bone since this organ in the human body produces all our blood cells in the bone marrow and the cancer in that causes the bone marrow to make cancer cells which is hard to cure especially if your cancer in the bone is at grade 3 or 4.   If a patient’s cancer is grade 1 or 2 its much easier to treat to possible completely cure. 

Again cancer can be a simple disease or a monster.

People can inherit abnormal DNA (it’s passed on from their parents), but most often the DNA damage is caused by mistakes that happen while the normal cell is reproducing or by something in the environment. Sometimes the cause of the DNA damage may be something obvious like cigarette smoking or sun exposure. But it’s rare to know exactly what caused any one person’s cancer. In most cases, the cancer cells form a tumor.

Some cancers, like leukemia, rarely form tumors. Instead, these cancer cells involve the blood and blood-forming organs and circulate through other tissues where they grow. Neoplasms or “new growths” are relatively autonomous (independent).  This means that the growth and its behavior are more or less independent of the host (the normal body functions).

 Neoplasms have been defined as benign or malignant; cancer is a common synonym used to refer to a malignant neoplasm.  The difference between a benign and malignant neoplasm depends on its behavior in the host.  Now if the neoplasm stays localized, enlarges slowly, is homogeneous in appearance, and can be resected or removed, then it is benign. 

On the other hand, if the neoplasm spreads or metastasizes to other areas of the body, infiltrates and causes the destruction of normal tissue, left untreated, will kill the host, then the neoplasm is considered malignant (it takes over in the body).

If a large tumor is occupying the oral cavity, then the patients will have problems with ingestion that might lead to an altered immune-responsiveness. 

If the tumor is in the large colon, then obstruction of the lumen, changes in bowel habits, and GI bleeding can occur. 

In addition, if tumors are large they often outgrow the blood supply, which leads to necrosis and bleeding. 

However, all the above changes are relatively late signs; the tumor would be quite large for a patient to exhibit these effects.  Most small tumors are painless and symptomless. 

In one sense this is unfortunate.  If small tumors were painful, perhaps more patients would seek earlier treatment and tumors could be treated more successful being diagnosed before they are large.

“With the close link between hearing health and overall wellness, we must raise awareness about how to effectively prevent, diagnose and treat hearing loss,”says David Smriga, M.A., president of AuDNet, Inc.

says David Smriga, M.A., president of AuDNet, Inc.

But the options for improvement are many.

No matter what effects you are experiencing due to hearing loss or the source of your condition, the next steps are obvious. Contact your family doctor, specialist, audiologist, or other hearing care professional to get your hearing tested. You will be surprised how many options are available to help you regain as much of your lost hearing as possible.

There are options you can do towards prevention of hearing loss. You can start with keeping your ears cleaned routinely with having the doctor checking your ears every 6 months to yearly. You can even live healthier and being able to control what your body is exposed to in eating better foods of the 4 food groups, perform exercise in your routine life, if not daily then 2-3 times a week (from walking fast to working out in a gym). You can also keep your weight in a therapeutic range (all factors in prevention of diabetes II, and high B/P that can cause hearing loss.). At the same time, do not smoke or expose yourself to a lot of second hand smoking or a lot of extremely loud noises from work areas to concerts without wearing ear plugs for safety. You can also keep your ears cleaned with having the doctor check your ears every 6 months to yearly. So there are things you can do to help prevent hearing loss.

If you need help in being given the knowledge in how to lose weight, knowing what foods are lean to leaner to leanest out of the 4 food groups, understanding exercise being a part of daily living, how all 3 interact with each other and making this a part of your regular life not just a few months to a year then you came to the right blog. This is provided through a Dr. Anderson and myself as your health coach. You can order Dr. Anderson’s book “Dr. A’s healthy habits” with tsfl.com providing foods to help you lose the excess of weight, you make all the choices. I needed to lose weight and lost 22 lbs. So if you want to prevent hearing loss with so many other diseases and illnesses go to healthyusa.tsfl.com and join me. Take a peek for no charge, no obligation and no hacking. I hope you have learned something new from my blog. Recommended to check with your md on any changes with diet or exercise especially if diagnosed already with disease or illness for your safety.

References: 1-World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/

2-Torre P 3^{rd, Cruickshanks KJ, Klein BE, Klein R, Nondahl DM. (2005). The association between cardiovascular disease and cochlear function in older adults. http://jslhr.asha.org/cgi/content/abstract/48/2/473}

3-National

“The voice of the intellect is a soft one, but it does not rest until it has gained a hearing.”

Sigmund Freud (6 May 1856　– 23 September 1939) was an Austrianneurologist who became known for creating & the founding father of  psychoanalysis.

“Hearing loss can be categorized by which part of the auditory system is damaged. There are three basic types of hearing loss: conductive hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss, and mixed hearing loss.”

See more at: http://www.asha.org/public/hearing/Types-of-Hearing-Loss/#sthash.dFNTIvGJ.dpuf

Men are more likely to experience hearing loss than women.

Of adults ages 65 and older in the United States, 12.3 percent of men and nearly 14 percent of women are affected by tinnitus. Tinnitus is identified more frequently in white individuals and the prevalence of tinnitus is almost twice as frequent in the South as in the Northeast.

Approximately 17 percent (36 million) of American adults report some degree of hearing loss.

There is a strong relationship between age and reported hearing loss: 18 percent of American adults 45-64 years old, 30 percent of adults 65-74 years old, and 47 percent of adults 75 years old or older have a hearing loss.

About 2 to 3 out of every 1,000 children in the United States are born deaf or hard-of-hearing.　Nine out of every 10 children who are born deaf are born to parents who can hear.

The NIDCD estimates that approximately 15 percent (26 million) of Americans between the ages of 20 and 69 have high frequency hearing loss due to exposure to loud sounds or noise at work or in leisure activities.

Only 1 out of 5 people who could benefit from a hearing aid actually wears one.

Three out of 4 children experience ear infection (otitis media) by the time they are 3 years old.

Roughly 25 million Americans have experienced tinnitus.

Approximately 188,000 people worldwide have received cochlear implants. In the United States, roughly 41,500 adults and 25,500 children have received them.

Approximately 4,000 new cases of sudden deafness occur each year in the United States. Hearing loss affects only 1 ear in 9 out of 10 people who experience sudden deafness. Only 10 to 15 percent of patients with sudden deafness know what caused their loss.

Approximately 615,000 individuals have been diagnosed with Ménière’s disease in the United States. Another 45,500 are newly diagnosed each year.

Approximately 3 to 6 percent of all deaf children and perhaps another 3 to 6 percent of hard-of-hearing children have Usher syndrome. In developed countries such as the United States, about 4 babies in every 100,000 births have Usher syndrome.

One out of every 100,000 individuals per year develops an acoustic neurinoma (vestibular schwannoma).

High levels of cotinine, the chemical that indicates exposure to tobacco smoke and second-hand smoke has been directly linked to higher risks of some types of hearing loss. **

More than 500 million people around the world are experiencing some form of hearing loss right now. Are you one of them?

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If you have hearing loss, you are not alone. About one in six people experience some degree of hearing impairment over the course of their lives.

The way you think, the way you behave, the way you eat, can influence your life by 30 to 50 years.

Deepak Chopra (an alternative medicine practitioner)