QUOTE FOR THE WEEKEND:

“Each April, Stress Awareness Month offers a timely reminder that stress is not just an occasional inconvenience; it’s a serious, widespread health concern. First recognized in 1992 by The Stress Management Society, this observance aims to increase public understanding of stress, its causes, and effective coping strategies.

Stress triggers the body’s natural responses to pressures or perceived threats. In small doses, it can sharpen focus and improve performance. But when stress becomes chronic, it can negatively affect both mental and physical health, contributing to anxiety, sleep problems, heart disease, weakened immunity, and more. In today’s fast-paced world, marked by constant connectivity, financial pressures, caregiving responsibilities, and global uncertainty, many people experience sustained levels of stress without realizing its long-term impact.

Stress can show up in different ways. Common signs include:

  • Persistent fatigue or low energy
  • Difficulty concentrating
  • Irritability or mood swings
  • Trouble sleeping
  • Muscle tension or headaches
  • Changes in appetite”.

Presbyterian Stress Services – PSS (Stress Awareness Month (April) – PSS)

Part I National Stress Awareness Month-know what is it, know body trigger reactions, how to pick up on stress, the challenges we all face/what to do, & human responses at Acute vs Chronic Stress!

Life can be stressful—you may feel stressed about performance at school, traumatic events (such as a pandemic, a natural disaster, or an act of violence), or a life change. Everyone feels stress from time to time.

What is stress?

Stress is the physical or mental response to an external cause, such as having a lot of homework or having an illness. A stressor may be a one-time or short-term occurrence, or it can happen repeatedly over a long time.

What is anxiety? Anxiety is your body’s reaction to stress and can occur even if there is no current threat.

Trigger Reactions to Stress by the human body:

Increased heart rate and respirations. Increased blood pressure. Upset stomach, nausea, diarrhea. Increased or decreased appetite which may be accompanied by weight loss or gain.

If that anxiety doesn’t go away and begins to interfere with your life, it could affect your health. You could experience problems with sleeping, or with your immune, digestive, cardiovascular, and reproductive systems. You also may be at higher risk for developing a mental illness such as an anxiety disorder or depression.

Everyone experiences stress, and sometimes that stress can feel overwhelming! You may be at risk for an anxiety disorder if it feels like you can’t manage the stress and if the symptoms of your stress:

  • Interfere with your everyday life.
  • Cause you to avoid doing things.
  • Seem to be always present.

Learning what causes or triggers your stress and what coping techniques work for you can help reduce your anxiety and improve your daily life. It may take trial and error to discover what works best for you. Here are some activities you can try when you start to feel overwhelmed.

What to do if stress triggers and to help yourself ; when picking up on it; some ideas:

  • Keep a journal.
  • Download an app that provides relaxation exercises (such as deep breathing or visualization) or tips for practicing mindfulness, which is a psychological process of actively paying attention to the present moment.
  • Exercise, and make sure you are eating healthy, regular meals.
  • Stick to a sleep routine, and make sure you are getting enough sleep.
  • Avoid drinking excess caffeine such as soft drinks or coffee.
  • Identify and challenge your negative and unhelpful thoughts.
  • Reach out to your friends or family members who help you cope in a positive way.

One way of looking at life is whatever challenges comes your way know you will survive and for any losses you may experience when looking back on them take the positive aspects or memories not the negative that builds a bad effect on you (Ex. Insomnia to depression to high blood pressure to alcoholism to drugs).  

A positive effect can be as simple as a smile when reflecting memories, which FYI allows less frowning that will cause less wrinkles on the forehead, as we get older.  Sometimes it’s not that simply and when it gets harder take up a constructive way of dealing with it (Ex. Work out at your level, walking, singing, go to a comedy movie, get together with friends go out, and do anything that gets your mind off of the stress and even out of your body through work out at the gym to just biking or walking.).

For starters stress is a body reaction to CHANGE.  How to you look at change?  Easy, positive in someway!  It may not appear easy at first but try to look at this change as a sense of difficulty yet a challenge with a victory in the end, if approached right.

Let us take the following challenges we face in life, for example –  Having a child leave home for college or marriage, losing a home with this economy, a loss of a friend in your life:  How do you look at these experiences positive?

1.)  Well for the child I would be so happy for her or him starting college life with my worries but know I raised her or him well and if he makes mistakes on the way he or she will learn to get up off the ground and fix them knowing he or she can come to me or dad whenever he has the need or if we sense a problem we would address it (Its part of life=growing up).

2.)  Another aspect to look at regarding this stress is there is loss in the parent role so fill up that loss with a new hobby, or get active in whatever organization you are in (Ex. Church, Temple, School, to just taking up ceramics or do more traveling with your spouse and friends). Help out the community you live in and assist in organizations that you feel do help the society in your city or town or village you live in.  I had my falls with the stresses that I have come across in my lifetime but you got to get up every time to stand again, some quicker than other times.  Love ones we loose I deal with in a positive way in knowing their in heaven, a lot better than here also looking at the fond memories I have of that person with knowing I will see them again when I pass on but trying to keep active with my life which now is hard but with my significant other helping me to get started.

3.)  How do you deal with losing a home with this economy or a business as  well appreciate the good memories you had when you had the home and pick up starting a new life elsewhere with making it a journey down the yellow brick road leading you to where the rainbow is at the end; don’t look at it as a loss.  It may be miserable at first but being a nurse seasoned I know there is always someone worse than I am and no I am not rich (far from it) that I can pick up and by another home.

4.) If you lost a business in the time of COVID-19 due to this long stretch of lockout particularly in NY (take the city alone) or if you just lost a business in general.  It is a hard challenge to come across but there is a new plan and journey for you to restart.  My family was there in losing business or a job including my husband in this COVID-19 but we resolved all job problems and with saving our money, it took time, but we survived.  We have each other and thank God we never lost our home we can say.  We can make through anything as long as we have each other and this is not a happy episode of “Little house on the Prairie” but knowing how to look at life’s challenges positive with negative feelings at first, which is only expected.

The same as Erickson’s stages of death; first denial to anger to bargaining to depression to acceptance and will relive these steps over again during your challenge but will beat it with having a positive approach and knowing how to use effective methods to let your stress go.  Know you will have those Erickson steps replaying over, not even in those steps directly 1 through 5 but know what to do when you relive them like work out, go to a volunteer organization and help out or whatever makes you feel better that does not hurt your health but help it in a positive approach.

Dealing with losing a friend or terminal friend, again the way I look at it is I appreciate the time I had with her or him and know they haven’t left me in spirit (if deceased).   If the person is still living know there are reasons for everything; whatever the cause was for the reason for the relationship in parting, divorce or death for example.  When out of my control I think of how I had a good friendship as opposed to never having one with that individual or thinking I will never see them again.  I accept that nothing lasts forever or indefinitely, with appreciating the time I had with the person and money is just monetary with hoping it gives me good memories if I loose or choose to ever leave it (like a home, car, etc).  I try to cherish each day for being given that gift by God to have ever have met that person and was able to spend time with that person.

Ending note, I look at life this way, whatever positive entity comes in my life may be taken away from me and I should appreciate every moment I spend with that person or creature or career or job or home in my life that I love so much (including my life span that only upstairs knows how long that time factor will be but I try to live a life at its healthiest optimal level with practicing positive behavior which is knowing whatever stressors come my way there is always someone is worse off and thank God for the life I was given which makes me a strong person in facing everything that has come my way, so far.  What has probably helped me is being a RN for over 35 years and working in so many specialty areas that made me see people worse off than me in health and more.

If I don’t deal with stress like this than I can expect complications that may arise, just like for anyone else who looks at challenges coming their way in a negative sense.  You commonly see stress become a negative experience when a person faces continuous challenges/stressors without relief or relaxation between them.  The ending result is the person becomes overworked and stress-related tension builds.  Stress that continues without positive resolution at some level can cause a condition called distress, which is a negative stress reaction.

The physical reactions that happen to your body due to negative stress can be = negative symptoms there is both acute vs chronic.

Stress is a normal part of life; the ones you build up one over another with no resolving them make the stress worse!

Acute VS Chronic Stress to the human body:

Many events that happen to you and around you — and many things that you do yourself (Ex. Work 40 to 60 hrs a week in a highly stressful job, like a policeman) – will put stress on your body.

You can experience stress from your environment, your body, and your thoughts.  You can also cause the stress to impact your body with first just signs and symptoms (s/s) developing, that are listed above, but without relief of the stress these s/s can lead you into a disease/illness forming or even make the diagnose (s) you already have even worse.

Many signs and symptoms pick up when exposed to continual stress or stresses that just build up on top of each other causing some people in developing unhealthy habits, poor dieting, and the lack of desire to be as active as they were which in turn develops conditions that would not have occurred if this negative behavior didn’t happen over a long period of time which has occurred to me and come back but get on top of it or it gets harder to beat!!

This behavior with the stress or stresses you are experiencing increases the probability of health conditions starting to take place in your body or if you’re with certain diagnoses already the stress can possibly impact your body by worsening the condition.

1.) Acute Stress to the human body ( a stress response over short term, immediately reacting):

-Elevated high blood pressure –Headaches –Chest Pain –Upset Stomach   –Insomnia –Grinding of the teeth –Jaw Tension –Teeth grinded down –Irritability –Anger –Panic episodes –Vasoconstriction to our vessels  causing increases to the heart rate –Decreases sex drive –Depression (Research even suggests that stress also can bring on or worsen certain symptoms or diseases.)

Stress costs American industry more than $300 billion annually.  The lifetime prevalence of an emotional disorder is more than 50%, often due to chronic, untreated stress reactions.

2.) Chronic Stress to the human body (a  stress response over long term stress=medical conditions arrising):

-ADD or ADHD –Panic disorders –High blood pressure –Anti-arrhythmias -Cardiac Disease -Diabetes 1 or Diabetes 2  -Stroke –Irritable Bowel Syndrome –Weight Gain/Obesity –Fibromyalgia –Complex Regional Pain Syndrome –ETOH -Depression and so much more.

Learn how to beat stress and help your health and no one can do it but you!

Today we learned what stress is, trigger reactions by the body in stress, what to do if it triggers, the symptoms immediate vs. long term stress challenges we come across in life.

Check out tomorrow’s topic Part II – tips on dealing with stress!

 

 

 

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QUOTE FOR FRIDAY:

“On April 17, 2026, the global inherited bleeding disorders community will come together on World Hemophilia Day to advocate for all inherited bleeding disorders. This year’s theme of “Diagnosis: First step to care” highlights the critical importance of diagnosis—the essential first step in treatment and care. The WFH estimates that over three-quarters of the population of people with hemophilia worldwide are undiagnosed, and an even more significant gap also exists for other bleeding disorders. This means that hundreds of thousands of people around the world still lack access to basic care. We have the power—and the shared commitment—to change this. We can improve diagnostic outcomes by strengthening the skills of healthcare professionals and enhancing the effectiveness of laboratories.

This April, let’s celebrate our community and continue working towards increasing global diagnosis rates, so we can move one step closer to our shared vision of Treatment for All.”

World Federation of Hemophilia – WFH (World Hemophilia Day 2026 theme revealed | World Federation of Hemophilia)

National Hemophilia Day – Learn what the this condition is, how its diagnosed and the treatments!

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hemophilia1hemodialysis explained

What is this condition?

Hemophilia is a bleeding disorder characterized by low levels of clotting factor proteins. Correct diagnosis of Hemophilia is essential to providing effective treatment. Blood Center of Wisconsin offers one of the largest diagnostic menus to accurately and confidently diagnose Hemophilia.

The X and Y chromosomes are called sex chromosomes. The gene for hemophilia is carried on the X chromosome. Hemophilia is inherited in an X-linked recessive manner.  Females inherit two X chromosomes, one from their mother and one from their father (XX). Males inherit an X chromosome from their mother and a Y chromosome from their father (XY). That means if a son inherits an X chromosome carrying hemophilia from his mother, he will have hemophilia. It also means that fathers cannot pass hemophilia on to their sons.

But because daughters have two X chromosomes, even if they inherit the hemophilia gene from their mother, most likely they will inherit a healthy X chromosome from their father and not have hemophilia. A daughter who inherits an X chromosome that contains the gene for hemophilia is called a carrier. She can pass the gene on to her children. Hemophilia can occur in daughters, but is rare.

For a female carrier, there are four possible outcomes for each pregnancy:

  1. A girl who is not a carrier
  2. A girl who is a carrier
  3. A boy without hemophilia
  4. A boy with hemophilia

Hemophilia is an X-linked inherited bleeding disorder caused by mutation of the F8 gene that encodes for coagulation factor VIII or the F9 gene that encodes for coagulation factor IX. The degree of plasma factor deficiency correlates with both the clinical severity of disease and genetic findings. Severe hemophilia is characterized by plasma factor VIII or factor IX levels of under 1 IU/dl. Moderate and mild hemophilia are characterized by factor VIII or factor IX levels of 1-5 IU/dL or 6 – 40 IU/dL, respectively. Genetic analysis is useful for identification of the underlying genetic defect in males with severe, moderate or mild hemophilia and for determination of carrier status in the female individuals within their families. Additionally, data is emerging regarding the correlation between a patients mutation status and the risk of that patient developing an inhibitor.

People with hemophilia A often, bleed longer than other people. Bleeds can occur internally, into joints and muscles, or externally, from minor cuts, dental procedures or trauma. How frequently a person bleeds and the severity of those bleeds depends on how much FVIII is in the plasma, the straw-colored fluid portion of blood.

Normal plasma levels of FVIII range from 50% to 150%. Levels below 50%, or half of what is needed to form a clot, determine a person’s symptoms.

  • Mild hemophilia A-  6% up to 49% of FVIII in the blood. People with mild hemophilia Agenerally experience bleeding only after serious injury, trauma or surgery. In many cases, mild hemophilia is not diagnosed until an injury, surgery or tooth extraction results in prolonged bleeding. The first episode may not occur until adulthood. Women with mild hemophilia often experience menorrhagia, heavy menstrual periods, and can hemorrhage after childbirth.
  • Moderate hemophilia A. 1% up to 5% of FVIII in the blood. People with moderate hemophilia A  tend to have bleeding episodes after injuries. Bleeds that occur without obvious cause are called spontaneous bleeding episodes.
  • Severe hemophilia A.  <1% of FVIII in the blood. People with severe hemophilia A experience bleeding following an injury and may have frequent spontaneous bleeding episodes, often into their joints and musclesHemophilia A and B are diagnosed by measuring factor clotting activity. Individuals who have hemophilia A have low factor VIII clotting activity. Individuals who have hemophilia B have low factor IX clotting activity.Genetic testing is usually used to identify women who are carriers of a FVIII or FIX gene mutation, and to diagnose hemophilia in a fetus during a pregnancy (prenatal diagnosis). It is sometimes used to diagnose individuals who have mild symptoms of hemophilia A or B.There is currently no cure for hemophilia. Treatment depends on the severity of hemophilia.People who have moderate to severe hemophilia A or B may need to have an infusion of clotting factor taken from donated human blood or from genetically engineered products called recombinant clotting factors to stop the bleeding. If the potential for bleeding is serious, a doctor may give infusions of clotting factor to avoid bleeding (preventive infusions) before the bleeding begins. Repeated infusions may be necessary if the internal bleeding is serious. When a person who has hemophilia has a small cut or scrape, using pressure and a bandage will take care of the wound. An ice pack can be used when there are small areas of bleeding under the skin.
  • When bleeding has damaged joints, physical therapy is used to help them function better. Physical therapy helps to keep the joints moving and prevents the joints from becoming frozen or badly deformed. Sometimes the bleeding into joints damages them or destroys them. In this situation, the individual may be given an artificial joint.
  • Treatment may involve slow injection of a medicine called desmopressin (DDAVP) by the doctor into one of the veins. DDAVP helps to release more clotting factor to stop the bleeding. Sometimes, DDAVP is given as a medication that can be breathed in through the nose (nasal spray).
  • Diagnosing this condition:
  • Hemophilia is diagnosed with blood tests to determine if clotting factors are missing or at low levels, and which ones are causing the problem. If you have a family history of hemophilia, it is important that your doctors know the clotting factor your relatives are missing.
  • Treatment of the condition:
  • Genetic testing is also available for the factor VIII gene and the factor IX gene. Genetic testing of the FVIII gene finds a disease-causing mutation in up to 98 percent of individuals who have hemophilia A. Genetic testing of the FIX gene finds disease-causing mutations in more than 99 percent of individuals who have hemophilia B.
  • Researchers have been working to develop a gene replacement treatment (gene therapy) for Hemophilia A. Research of gene therapy for hemophilia A is now taking place. The results are encouraging. Researchers continue to evaluate the long-term safety of gene therapies. The hope is that there will be a genetic cure for hemophilia in the future.

 

QUOTE FOR THURSDAY:

“In April we’re spreading the word to remind both children and adults: as you suit up for outdoor activities this spring, don’t forget to protect your face and head. Spring often brings a flood of patients suffering with head, mouth and facial injuries resulting from sports-related accidents to doctors’ offices and emergency rooms. Many oral and facial injuries can be easily prevented with the use of sports safety equipment like helmets and mouth guards.

National Facial Protection Month is sponsored by the Academy for Sports DentistryAmerican Academy of Pediatric DentistryAmerican Academy of PediatricsAmerican Dental AssociationAmerican Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons and the American Association of Orthodontists. Together we encourage children and adults to enjoy the pleasures of the season by using common sense and taking the necessary precautions to prevent sports injuries.”

American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (National Facial Protection Month – AAOMS | AAOMS)

National Facial Protection Month

April is National Facial Protection Month, founded by the AAOMS to promote the use of protective gear — such as mouth guards and helmets — to prevent dental facial injuries resulting from sports and recreational activities.

Five of the nation’s top dental associations want to remind young athletes to play it safe by wearing a mouth guard during recreational and organized sports this spring.  Research estimates that about 2 percent of all children or adolescents who participate in sports eventually will suffer a facial injury severe enough to require medical attention.

“A properly fitted mouth guard is an essential piece of any athlete’s protective equipment,” says Dr. Paul Nativi, DMD, FASD, and past president of the Academy for Sports Dentistry.  “Mouth guards protect the teeth from being knocked out, broken and displaced.  Mouth guards prevent injuries to the bone and tissues around the teeth. They also help prevent injuries to the mandible (lower jaw) and temporomandibular joint in the jaw. Tooth loss incurs a tremendous financial, emotional, and psychological expense.  Protect what you have – wear a properly fitted mouth guard.”

The Academy for Sports Dentistry (ASD), American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD), American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (AAOMS), American Association of Orthodontists (AAO), and the American Dental Association (ADA) are collaborating to promote National Facial Protection Month in April.  National Facial Protection Month strives to raise public awareness and remind parents/caregivers, coaches and athletes to play it safe while playing sports.

According to the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry’s Policy on Prevention of Sports-related Orofacial  Injuries, sports accidents reportedly account for 10 to 39% of all dental injuries in children and are most often caused by direct hits with a hard object, such as a puck or ball, and player-to-player contact.

The dental associations offer the following five tips to help prevent facial injury:

  1. Wear a mouth guard when playing contact sports: Mouth guards are significantly less expensive than the cost to repair an injury, and dentists and dental specialists can make customized mouth guards that hold teeth in place and allow for normal speech and breathing.
  2. Wear a helmet: Helmets absorb the energy of an impact and help prevent damage to the head.
  3. Wear protective eyewear: Eyes are extremely vulnerable to damage, especially when playing sports.
  4. Wear a face shield to avoid scratched or bruised skin: Hockey pucks, basketballs and racquetballs can cause severe facial damage at any age.
  5. Make protective gear mandatory for all sports: Athletes who participate in football, hockey and boxing are required to wear mouth guards.  If  mouth guards have been proven to significantly decrease the risk of oral injuries, why is it not mandatory in every sport for kids to be required to wear them, particularly when participating in:

 

QUOTE FOR WEDNESDAY:

“April is National Donate Life Month, a time dedicated to raising awareness about organ, eye and tissue donation, while also honoring donors and encouraging individuals to register as donors. Established by Donate Life America, this observance highlights the critical need for donors and celebrates the transformative impact of donation on recipients’ lives.​

As of March 2025, more than 103,000 people in the United States are on the national transplant waiting list, hoping for lifesaving organ transplants. Alarmingly, another person is added to this list every eight minutes. Despite the generosity of donors, the demand continues to outpace the supply, leading to an average of 16 deaths each day among those awaiting transplants.

In 2024, the United States witnessed a record-breaking 48,000 organ transplants, reflecting an ongoing increase in donation and transplantation efforts. Each donor has the potential to save up to eight lives and enhance over 75 more through tissue donation. Kentucky alone has made significant strides in organ donation. In 2023, the Kentucky Organ Donor Affiliates (KODA) reported a 25% increase in organ donations and a 20% increase in organ transplants compared to the previous year. This led to 299 organ donors facilitating 729 transplants, saving 693 lives—the highest number recorded in any given year for the state. However, despite these advancements, more than 1,000 Kentuckians are still awaiting lifesaving organ transplants.

Registering as an organ, eye, and tissue donor is a straightforward yet profound way to contribute. Individuals can sign up through their state’s donor registry or at the Department of Motor Vehicles when obtaining or renewing a driver’s license.”

Ephraim McDowell Health

(National Donate Life Month: A Time to Save Lives Through Organ Donation – Ephraim McDowell Health)

National Donate Life Month – offering organs (ex. eyes or other tissues)!

WHY DONATE:

Organ, eye and tissue donation provides lifesaving and healing opportunities to the nearly 120,000 people waiting for transplants nationwide. Over 2,500 of those people waiting for a lifesaving transplant live right here in our community! Organ, eye and tissue donation allows others to breathe, to see, to move and to live. Donation is a way to give the ultimate gift – the gift of life.

ORGAN DONATION PROCESS:

When the National Organ Transplant Act (NOTA) was signed into law in 1984, it created the national Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) establishing an organ donation process for matching donor organs to waiting recipients. The OPTN standardized the process for donating organs across the country and created the system of federally-designated Organ Procurement Organizations (OPOs), like Donor Alliance.

The OPTN is managed under contract by the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS). UNOS establishes allocation policy and manages the national transplant waiting list, matching donors to recipients 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. UNOS also maintains the database that contains all organ transplant data for every transplant that occurs in the U.S.

DIAGNOSIS:

There are numerous laws, regulations and standards that govern how and when a medical professional can make an official declaration of death. What is most important to know is that hospitals and emergency medical professionals will make every effort to save a patient’s life regardless of their status as a donor.

Death can occur in one of two ways: cardiac death, when the heart is no longer able to beat on its own, and brain death, which is the irreversible loss of function of the brain, including the brain stem.

Organ donation after Brain Death:

According to the Uniform Determination of Death Act, brain death is defined as the irreversible cessation of all functions of the entire brain, including the brain stem. A brain-dead person is dead, although his or her cardiopulmonary functioning may be artificially maintained for some time.

Because of the neurological nature of brain death, a controlled and extensive clinical exam occurs to make that final declaration. Brain death is final and finite; it is not in the same thing as a coma or persistent vegetative state.

Brain death determination is rare and occurs only in about 1 out of every 100 hospital deaths.

Organ Donation after Circulatory Death:

Organ donation after circulatory death (DCD) is the type of donation that was used in the early years of organ donation. Before brain death criteria was established, DCD and living related donation were the only options.

This type of donation occurs when a patient has an illness from which he or she cannot recover. The patient is not brain dead, but has no hope of recovery.

If the family is interested in donation and has made the decision to withdraw treatment, that process will occur in the operating room instead of the hospital room. The time from the family authorizing the process to the removal of support is typically no fewer than eight hours, due to the need for blood tests and other arrangements.

Once in the OR, if the patient’s heart stops within the designated time frame for donation, the team waits for several minutes to ensure that the heart has ceased functioning. At this time, a physician from the hospital, not the organ recovery team, will pronounce the patient dead. Then, the surgery to procure the organs for donation begins.

While DCD increases the number of organs available for transplant, this type of donation does not allow for organs other than the liver and kidneys to be procured in most cases. It is rare for the heart and lungs to be recovered.

How to match a donor to the best candidate who needs a organ:

The system uses this information to match the medical characteristics of the candidates waiting against those of the donor. The system then generates a ranked list of patients who are suitable to receive each organ. This list is called a “match run.”

Factors affecting ranking may include:

  • Tissue match
  • Blood type
  • Length of time on the waiting list
  • Immune status
  • Distance between the potential recipient and the donor
  • Degree of medical urgency (for heart, liver, lung and intestines)

The organ is offered to the transplant center for the first person on the list. At times, the top transplant candidate will not get the organ for one of several reasons. When a patient is
selected, he or she must be available, healthy enough to undergo major surgery and willing to be transplanted immediately. Also, a laboratory test to measure compatibility between the donor and potential recipient may be necessary. If the organ is refused for any reason, the transplant center of the next patient on the list is contacted. The process continues until a match is made. Once a patient is selected and informed and all testing is complete, surgery is scheduled and the transplant takes place.

 

QUOTE FOR TUESDAY:

“April is Autism Awareness Month, an international event established to increase understanding and acceptance of individuals with autism. At The Deron School, we provide educational resources for children and young adults with autism.

“History Fact #1: Autism Awareness Month Started in April 1970

Autism Awareness Month was founded in April 1970 by Bernard Rimland, Ph.D., a psychologist and autism researcher. He chose the month of April to coincide with his son’s birthday, as well as the start of spring—a time for new beginnings.

History Fact #2: President Ronald Reagan Was the First to Issue an Official Presidential Proclamation Regarding Autism

In April 1988, President Ronald Reagan issued the first presidential proclamation declaring April as National Autism Awareness Month. This was significant progress and began a new era of awareness, which opened opportunities for people with autism to live fuller and more productive lives.

History Fact #3: The Puzzle Piece Becomes a Symbol of Power for the Autism Community

The Puzzle Piece has become an internationally recognized symbol of power, strength, hope, and unity for those affected by autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). The puzzle piece was first introduced in 1963 by the National Autistic Society as part of their logo. The Puzzle Piece symbolizes the complexity of ASDs and reminds us that we are all interconnected.

History Fact #4: Autism Speaks Steps from 2004.

Autism Speaks is a global organization that works tirelessly to educate and support individuals living with autism. In 2004, they launched the Light It Up Blue campaign to bring awareness to autism. The goal was simple: get everyone worldwide—from businesses and schools to homes and public places—to light up blue in honor of Autism Awareness Month.

History Fact #5: Autism Awareness Month Goes Global

In recent years, Autism Awareness Month has become an international event. More countries are joining the cause to raise autism awareness and increase the acceptance of individuals with ASDs. This is a powerful step forward in creating a brighter future for children living with autism worldwide.

April marks Autism Awareness Month—a time to come together to support individuals living with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Let’s use this month to celebrate the progress of those facing ASD and recognize how far we have yet to go in providing adequate resources for them.

At The Deron School, we are proud to join forces with organizations like Autism Speaks in celebrating this month.”

The Deron School of N.J., Inc.

(5 History Facts About Autism Awareness Month – Deron School)

 

Part II Autism Awareness – Related Conditions to Autism

Williams Syndrome

Williams Syndrome (also known as Williams-Beuren syndrome) is a rare genetics disorder in which a portion of DNA material on chromosome 7 is missing. The prevalence in the population is somewhere between 1 out of 10,000.

Many people with Williams Syndrome exhibit autistic behaviors. This includes: developmental and language delays, problems in gross motor skills, hypersensitivity to sounds, picky eating, and perseverating.

However, Williams Syndrome includes other symptoms that may require different or additional treatments. A diagnosis is essential to maximize quality of care.

These individuals differ from the typical autistic individual because they also have cardiovascular abnormalities, high blood pressure, elevated calcium levels, and are very sociable. They also have unique pixie-like facial features–almond shaped eyes, oval ears, full lips, small chins, narrow faces, and broad mouths.

Fragile X

Fragile X syndrome (also known as Martin-Bell syndrome) is a sex-linked genetic disorder. The exact frequency of Fragile X syndrome is unclear, but the CDC estimates that roughly 1.4 in 10,000 males and 0.9 in 10,000 females are affected by this disorder. Males afflicted with this syndrome typically have a moderate to severe form of intellectual handicap. Females may also be affected but generally have a mild form of impairment.

Approximately 15% to 20% of those with Fragile X Syndrome exhibit autistic-type behaviors, such as poor eye contact, hand-flapping or odd gesture movements, hand-biting, and poor sensory skills. Behavior problems and speech/language delay are also common features of Fragile X Syndrome.

People with Fragile X syndrome also have a number of recognizable physical features, including a high arched palate, strabismus (lazy eye), large ears, long face, large testicles in males, poor muscle tone, flat feet, and sometimes mild, heart valve abnormalities. Although most individuals with Fragile X syndrome have a characteristic ‘look’ (long face and large ears), there are some who do not have typical features.

Many hospitals and laboratories perform blood tests to diagnose Fragile X syndrome. Several treatments are recommended for individuals with this disorder, including mild medications for behavior problems and therapies for speech and language and sensory improvement. Families are advised to seek genetic counseling to understand the inheritable nature of Fragile X Syndrome and to discuss with family members the likelihood other individuals or future offspring may have this disorder.

Thank  You to Dr. Peter Jacky of Kaiser Sunnyside Hospital in Clackamas, Oregon for his comments on this article.

Landau-Kleffner Syndrome

Landau-Kleffner Syndrome is a rare form of epilepsy that manifests as a form of aphasia, (loss of language), which usually develops between 3 and 7 years. It is twice as common in males than females and is often diagnosed in conjunction with autism. Initially, these individuals have a healthy, problem-free development with normal speech and vocabulary. These individuals first lose their ability to comprehend (i.e., receptive speech) and then their ability to speak (i.e., expressive speech). These changes can occur gradually or suddenly.

People with Landau-Kleffner Syndrome have abnormal EEG patterns (i.e., brain waves) in the temporal lobe (located on the sides of the brain) and in the temporo-parieto-occipital regions during sleep. Diagnosis of this syndrome usually involves examining the person’s EEG patterns during sleep. Approximately 70% develop epilepsy; and these seizures are typically infrequent and can be either with or without convulsions.

One common characteristic of Landau-Kleffner Syndrome is the failure to respond to sounds. Thus, parents may suspect their child of hearing loss. Autistic characteristics seen in Landau-Kleffner Syndrome individuals include pain insensitivity, aggression, poor eye contact, insistence on sameness, and sleep problems.

The cause of Landau-Kleffner Syndrome is not known. Some suggested causes have been a dysfunctional immune system, exposure to a virus, and brain trauma. The prognosis is better when the onset is after age 6 and when speech therapy is started early. Several other treatments have also been shown to be beneficial for many of these individuals, such as anticonvulsant mediations and corticosteroids. There is also a surgical technique in which the pathways of abnormal electrical brain activity are severed.

Prader-Willi Syndrome

Prader-Willi Syndrome is a disorder which is sometimes associated with, but not a subtype of, autism. The classical features of this disorder include an obsession with food which is often associated with impulsive eating, compact body build, underdeveloped sexual characteristics, and poor muscle tone. Because of their obsession with food, many people afflicted with Prader-Willi Syndrome are overweight. Most individuals afflicted with Prader-Willi Syndrome have mild mental deficits.

Some of the behaviors which are common to both Prader-Willi Syndrome and autism are:

  • delays in language and motor development
  • learning disabilities
  • feeding problems in infancy
  • sleep disturbances, skin picking
  • temper tantrums
  • high pain threshold

Prader-Willi Syndrome affects approximately 1 in 10,000 people. Most individuals suffering from this disorder are missing a small portion of chromosome 15 which appears to come from the paternal side of the family. When a small portion of chromosome 15 is missing and comes from the maternal side, the person may suffer from Angelman Syndrome.

The most effective form of treatment for people suffering from Prader-Willi Syndrome is behavior modification. In general, medications do not appear to be very effective for these individuals.

Angelman Syndrome

Angelman syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects the nervous system. Initial symptoms of this disorder typically manifest in the first year of life and become more apparent through early childhood. It is estimated that Angelman syndrome occurs in roughly every one in 15,000 people. Similarly to Prader Willi Syndrome, this disorder derives from a missing portion of chromosome 15, but unlike Prader Willi, this deficit comes from the maternal side.

Angelman syndrome is commonly characterized by:

  • Mental and speech deficits
  • Speech impairment
  • Problems with motor skills and balance
  • Epilepsy
  • Small head size
  • Hyperactivity
  • Smiling, Laughing and Hand flapping
  • Difficulty sleeping

To learn more about Angelman Syndrome, please visit the Angelman Syndrome Foundation

Rett Syndrome

Rett Syndrome was first recognized by Andreas Rett in 1966 and is a neurological disorder affecting primarily females. Autopsies on the brains of these individuals indicate a pathology different from autism; however, children afflicted with Rett Syndrome often exhibit autistic-like behaviors, such as repetitive hand movements, prolonged toe walking, body rocking, and sleep problems. In most cases, there is a regression in cognition, behavior, social, and motor skills throughout their lifetime.

The prevalence of Rett Syndrome is estimated to be between 1 in 10,000 and 1 in 15,000 people.

Typical characteristics:

  • Normal development until 1/2 to 1 1/2 years
  • Behavioral, social, and cognitive regression
  • Shakiness of the torso, and possibly the limbs
  • Unsteady, stiff-legged gait
  • Breathing difficulties (hyperventilation, apnea, air swallowing)
  • Seizures (approximately 80% have epilepsy)
  • Teeth grinding and difficulty chewing
  • Stunted growth and small head
  • Severe mental deficits
  • Hypoactivity

In 1999, Dr. Huda Zoghbi and her colleagues located the gene for Rett syndrome. The gene was located on one of the two X chromosomes that determine sex. Rett syndrome results from the mutation of the gene that makes methyl cytosine binding protein, resulting in excessive amounts of this protein.

For more information about this disorder, visit International Rett Syndrome Association

Tardive dyskinesia

Tardive dyskinesia is a syndrome involving dysfunctional, involuntary movements associated with long-term, chronic use of neuroleptic medications, such as Haldol, Prolixin, and Thorazine. These drugs lead to an apparent general calming or sedative effect on the individual and are considered major tranquilizers.

Tardive dyskinesia may appear anywhere from three months to several years after initial use of these medications, and withdrawal from neuroleptics often exacerbates the symptoms.

Common tardive dyskinesia movements include, but are not limited to:

  • facial tics, grimacing
  • eye blinking
  • lip smacking
  • tongue thrusting
  • moving one’s head back or to the side
  • foot tapping
  • ankle movements
  • shuffled gait
  • head nodding

Tardive dyskinesia may lead to very serious problems, such as respiratory interference, inability to eat, oral ulcerations, and difficulty standing/walking.

Tardive dyskinesia movements may be confused with stereotypy because of the repetitive nature of both behaviors. Stereotypy refers to ritualistic, often complex behaviors, such as body and head rocking, hand-flapping, and complex hand movement patterns. Stereotypy appears to be under voluntary control. In contrast, tardive dyskinesia movements are less complex, less ritualistic, and are not volitional.

Other psychoactive drugs, such as clozaril/clozapine, have similar effects on behavior but do not produce tardive dyskinesia as neuroleptics do.

Is it Autism?

While the behavioral symptoms of the conditions above may overlap with autism, they may require different or additional treatments. Seek a diagnosis and treatment plan from a qualified medical professional before starting any form of treatment.